| 1 | Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, (1973) 4 SCC 225 | Basic Structure Doctrine established. |
| 2 | Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, (1978) 1 SCC 248 | Expanded interpretation of right to life and liberty under Article 21. |
| 3 | Golaknath v. State of Punjab, AIR 1967 SC 1643 | Parliament cannot amend Fundamental Rights. |
| 4 | Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India, (1980) 3 SCC 625 | Strengthened Basic Structure Doctrine. |
| 5 | Indira Sawhney v. Union of India, (1992) Supp (3) SCC 217 | Upheld OBC reservation, introduced 50% ceiling. |
| 6 | ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla, (1976) 2 SCC 521 | Controversial case denying right to life during Emergency. |
| 7 | Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan, (1997) 6 SCC 241 | Laid guidelines against sexual harassment at workplace. |
| 8 | K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, (2017) 10 SCC 1 | Declared Right to Privacy as Fundamental Right. |
| 9 | Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India, (2018) 10 SCC 1 | Decriminalized Section 377 IPC (homosexuality). |
| 10 | Joseph Shine v. Union of India, (2019) 3 SCC 39 | Struck down adultery law (Section 497 IPC). |
| 11 | Shayara Bano v. Union of India, (2017) 9 SCC 1 | Triple Talaq declared unconstitutional. |
| 12 | S.R. Bommai v. Union of India, (1994) 3 SCC 1 | Defined federalism and misuse of President’s Rule. |
| 13 | State of Rajasthan v. Union of India, (1977) 3 SCC 592 | Limits on Centre’s power to dismiss State Governments. |
| 14 | M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, (1987) 1 SCC 395 | Oleum gas leak case – Absolute liability principle evolved. |
| 15 | M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Ganga Pollution Case), (1988) AIR 1115 | Polluter pays principle reinforced. |
| 16 | I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu, (2007) 2 SCC 1 | Laws under Ninth Schedule still subject to judicial review. |
| 17 | Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab, (1980) 2 SCC 684 | Laid down ‘rarest of rare’ doctrine for death penalty. |
| 18 | Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration, (1978) 4 SCC 494 | Prisoners’ rights protected under Article 21. |
| 19 | Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar, (1979) AIR 1369 | Speedy trial recognized as fundamental right. |
| 20 | Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation, (1985) 3 SCC 545 | Right to livelihood under Article 21. |
| 21 | State of Uttar Pradesh v. Rajesh Gautam, (2003) 5 SCC 531 | Defined fair trial standards under CrPC. |
| 22 | Rajagopal v. State of Tamil Nadu, (1994) 6 SCC 632 | Freedom of Press and Right to Privacy balanced. |
| 23 | People’s Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of India, (1997) 1 SCC 301 | Phone tapping guidelines under Article 21. |
| 24 | Vineet Narain v. Union of India, (1998) 1 SCC 226 | Strengthened independence of CBI. |
| 25 | Lily Thomas v. Union of India, (2013) 7 SCC 653 | Convicted MPs/MLAs disqualified immediately. |
| 26 | Rupa Ashok Hurra v. Ashok Hurra, (2002) 4 SCC 388 | Curative petition introduced. |
| 27 | Prakash Singh v. Union of India, (2006) 8 SCC 1 | Police reforms ordered. |
| 28 | Indian Young Lawyers Association v. State of Kerala (Sabarimala case), (2019) 11 SCC 1 | Entry of women into Sabarimala temple allowed. |
| 29 | Aruna Shanbaug v. Union of India, (2011) 4 SCC 454 | Passive euthanasia permitted under strict guidelines. |
| 30 | Common Cause v. Union of India, (2018) 5 SCC 1 | Living wills and passive euthanasia legalized. |
| 31 | Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India, (2020) 3 SCC 637 | Freedom of Internet access as a fundamental right under Article 19. |
| 32 | Shreya Singhal v. Union of India, (2015) 5 SCC 1 | Struck down Section 66A of IT Act as unconstitutional. |
| 33 | Union of India v. Association for Democratic Reforms, (2002) 5 SCC 294 | Candidates must disclose criminal, financial, and educational background. |
| 34 | Avinash Mehrotra v. Union of India, (2009) 6 SCC 398 | School fire safety norms. |
| 35 | Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum, (1985) 2 SCC 556 | Maintenance rights for Muslim women under Section 125 CrPC. |
| 36 | National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India, (2014) 5 SCC 438 | Recognized transgender persons as ‘third gender’. |
| 37 | T.M.A Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka, (2002) 8 SCC 481 | Autonomy of private educational institutions. |
| 38 | PA Inamdar v. State of Maharashtra, (2005) 6 SCC 537 | Non-minority unaided private institutions have autonomy in admissions. |
| 39 | Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala, (1986) 3 SCC 615 | Freedom of speech protects not singing national anthem on religious grounds. |
| 40 | State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan, AIR 1951 SC 226 | Led to First Constitutional Amendment (reservation policy). |
| 41 | Ramesh Thapar v. State of Madras, AIR 1950 SC 124 | First major case on freedom of press. |
| 42 | A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras, AIR 1950 SC 27 | Early interpretation of Article 21, later overruled by Maneka Gandhi case. |
| 43 | Githa Hariharan v. Reserve Bank of India, (1999) 2 SCC 228 | Mother’s rights as natural guardian clarified. |
| 44 | Daniel Latifi v. Union of India, (2001) 7 SCC 740 | Maintenance for Muslim women after divorce protected. |
| 45 | PUCL v. Union of India (Right to Food Case), (2001) AIR SC 1614 | Right to food as part of right to life under Article 21. |
| 46 | MC Mehta v. Kamal Nath, (1997) 1 SCC 388 | Public Trust Doctrine introduced. |
| 47 | Subramanian Swamy v. Union of India, (2016) 7 SCC 221 | Criminal defamation law upheld. |
| 48 | State of Punjab v. Baldev Singh, (1999) 6 SCC 172 | Safeguards under NDPS Act emphasized. |
| 49 | Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab, (1996) 2 SCC 648 | Suicide is not a fundamental right. |
| 50 | Naz Foundation v. Government of NCT of Delhi, (2009) 111 DRJ 1 (DB) | Decriminalized homosexuality initially (later confirmed by Navtej Singh Johar). |
| 51 | Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust v. Union of India, (2014) 8 SCC 1 | Upheld RTE Act for minority institutions. |
| 52 | Indian Medical Association v. Union of India, (2011) 7 SCC 179 | Consumer rights in medical negligence cases. |
| 53 | Noida Entrepreneurs Association v. NOIDA, (2011) 6 SCC 508 | Accountability of public officials emphasized. |
| 54 | Secretary, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting v. Cricket Association of Bengal, (1995) 2 SCC 161 | Right to freedom of speech includes right to broadcast. |
| 55 | PUCL v. Union of India (Voter ID Case), (2003) 4 SCC 399 | Right to vote includes right to know candidates’ details. |
| 56 | State of West Bengal v. Committee for Protection of Democratic Rights, (2010) 3 SCC 571 | CBI can investigate without State’s consent under High Court’s order. |
| 57 | Samatha v. State of Andhra Pradesh, (1997) 8 SCC 191 | Tribal land rights protected under Fifth Schedule. |
| 58 | Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India, (1984) 3 SCC 161 | Bonded labour abolition enforced through PIL. |
| 59 | Bodhisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty, (1996) 1 SCC 490 | Compensation for rape victim ordered. |
| 60 | Municipal Council, Ratlam v. Vardhichand, (1980) 4 SCC 162 | Right to clean environment enforced through PIL. |
| 61 | Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of UP, (1985) 2 SCC 431 | Environmental protection – Dehradun limestone quarrying banned. |
| 62 | Amritlal Goverdhan Lalan v. State of Gujarat, (1965) AIR 1772 | Property rights and resettlement clarified. |
| 63 | Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka, (1992) 3 SCC 666 | Right to education as part of right to life. |
| 64 | Unni Krishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh, (1993) 1 SCC 645 | Right to education up to age 14 years. |
| 65 | Bar Council of Maharashtra v. M.V. Dabholkar, (1975) 2 SCC 702 | Professional ethics of advocates emphasized. |
| 66 | Union Carbide Corporation v. Union of India (Bhopal Gas Tragedy), (1991) 4 SCC 584 | Compensation principles for mass torts laid down. |
| 67 | J.P. Unnikrishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh, (1993) 1 SCC 645 | Fee structure regulation in private institutions. |
| 68 | S.P. Gupta v. Union of India, (1981) Supp SCC 87 | First Judges Case – Judicial appointments and independence. |
| 69 | Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India, (1993) 4 SCC 441 | Second Judges Case – Collegium system introduced. |
| 70 | In Re: Presidential Reference (1999) 5 SCC 632 | Third Judges Case – Collegium system expanded. |
| 71 | Centre for Public Interest Litigation v. Union of India (2G Case), (2012) 3 SCC 1 | Cancellation of 2G licenses. |
| 72 | Union of India v. Raghubir Singh, (1989) 2 SCC 754 | Doctrine of prospective overruling discussed. |
| 73 | Rajbala v. State of Haryana, (2016) 2 SCC 445 | Panchayat election eligibility upheld. |
| 74 | Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab, (1994) 3 SCC 569 | Terrorist and Disruptive Activities Act upheld with safeguards. |
| 75 | PUCL v. Union of India (Right to Water Case), (2004) 8 SCC 273 | Access to clean drinking water under Article 21. |
| 76 | L. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India, (1997) 3 SCC 261 | Tribunals under Article 323A and 323B subject to judicial review. |
| 77 | Samsher Singh v. State of Punjab, (1974) 2 SCC 831 | Doctrine of pleasure explained regarding civil services. |
| 78 | Kihoto Hollohan v. Zachillhu, (1992) Supp (2) SCC 651 | Anti-defection law upheld. |
| 79 | Shyam Narayan Chouksey v. Union of India, (2018) 16 SCC 193 | National anthem in cinema halls clarified. |
| 80 | Surya Dev Rai v. Ram Chander Rai, (2003) 6 SCC 675 | Writ jurisdiction expanded to include mandamus against private wrongs. |